Placeholder in roles

Hello,

in a SAP system 4.7 I found a role with some placeholders in authorization object S_TCODE. I don't understand what these placeholders do:

A* -> means all transactions beginning with A are included

A+ -> means all transactions beginning with A and one more letter are included

D!* -> what does that mean, especially the exclamation mark?

D§* -> what does that mean, especially the paragraph?

Helpful answers would be appreciated.

Thanks in advance,

Julia