In most countries, I guess Bank Key is same as Bank Number. You can determine if it is, from the setting in T Code OY17. If the value in field Bank Key is 1, then the bank key is same as bank number - you need not enter anything in Bank Key field (I guess) when you create your bank master (in FI01). System copies bank number to bank key. Bank number is something that your bank should be able to give you (banks call is Bank Code, I think). Values 3 and 4 in Bank Key field in OY17 enable internal and external bank key assignment respectively.
Read the following SAP help text on Bank Key field.
Bank Keys
In this field, you specify the bank key under which bank data from the respective country is stored.
When you define the country key, you also specify the country-specific definition of the bank key.
Normally, you manage banks using their bank number. The bank number in the control data for the bank is then displayed twice, that is, as the bank key too.
In certain countries, the bank account number takes on this function; then there are no bank numbers and the bank data is managed using the account number.
For data medium exchange, you may find it useful to be able to enter foreign business partners without a bank number, even if there are bank numbers in the country in question. In this case, the bank key can be assigned internally.
To manage bank data using another key, for example, the SWIFT code, external number assignment can also be used.
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