adjustment

hi,

i would like to ask this kind of account. hope can reply point by point.

1) some say the account that recorded the payment difference is an adjustment account.

why the freight account is called an adjustment account? Meaning if the account is absorbing the balance or difference then this account is adjustment account?

Say a Customer is due 10000, But he is paying 9500 only after deducting Freight, the entries will be

Freght A/c Dr 500

Cash/Bank A/c Dr 9,500

To Customer Account 10,000

2) if point 1 is adjustment account then forex gain/loss also adjustment account as the scenario same like point 1. so which means if the account is absorbing the balance or difference then this account is adjustment account?

DR bank 1100

CR customer 1200

DR forex loss 100

3) from F.05 to calculate the unrealized forex gain or loss which to be reversed the next month.

DR p&l unrealized loss from valuation

CR bs adjustment account for foreign currency valuation

May I know this case, both p&l and bs also adjustment account or only bs is adjustment account? and why?

Thanks