Bapi_salesorder_change

Former Member · ‎05-31-2007

Hii Everybody,

Im a fresher n i got an assignment to change sales order using bapi_salesorder_change,

i want to change usage indicator but when i do so rest all the columans for dat particular posnr gets blank....i dot want to change dat...i want to retain their values..

plz help me

thanks in advance

Former Member · ‎05-31-2007

Hi

See the sample report using the same BAPI

and change the code as per your logic

REPORT Z_SALES_ORDER_CHANGE

NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING

LINE-SIZE 132

LINE-COUNT 65(0)

MESSAGE-ID ZZ.

TABLES: VBAP.

DATA:

V_FILEIN(90) TYPE C,

V_RECIN TYPE I,

V_RECVBAP TYPE I,

V_RECORDER TYPE I,

V_VBELN LIKE VBAP-VBELN,

ORDERHEADERINX LIKE BAPISDH1X.

DATA: BEGIN OF I_ORDERS OCCURS 0,

VBELN LIKE VBAK-VBELN,

POSNR LIKE VBAP-POSNR,

BRGEW(18) TYPE C,

VOLUM(18) TYPE C,

END OF I_ORDERS.

DATA: BEGIN OF I_OUTPUT OCCURS 0,

VBELN LIKE VBAK-VBELN,

POSNR LIKE VBAP-POSNR,

GEWEI LIKE VBAP-GEWEI,

BRGEW LIKE VBAP-BRGEW,

VOLUM LIKE VBAP-VOLUM,

CKWGT TYPE C,

CKVOL TYPE C,

END OF I_OUTPUT.

DATA: BEGIN OF ORDERITEMIN OCCURS 0.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE BAPISDITM.

DATA: END OF ORDERITEMIN.

DATA: BEGIN OF ORDERITEMINX OCCURS 0.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE BAPISDITMX.

DATA: END OF ORDERITEMINX.

DATA: BEGIN OF RETURN OCCURS 0.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE BAPIRET2.

DATA: END OF RETURN.

DATA: BEGIN OF BAPIRETURN OCCURS 0.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE BAPIRET2.

DATA: END OF BAPIRETURN.

PARAMETERS:

P_PATH(45) TYPE C DEFAULT '/usr/users/ftpsapom/' LOWER CASE,

P_FNAME(32) TYPE C DEFAULT '/sweetjo.txt' LOWER CASE.

START-OF-SELECTION.

CONCATENATE PATH AND FILE NAME INTO ONE VARIABLE

CONCATENATE P_PATH P_FNAME INTO V_FILEIN.

OPEN DATASET

IF V_FILEIN IS INITIAL.

MESSAGE E002 WITH 'FILE' V_FILEIN 'DOES NOT CONTAIN ANY DATA!'.

& & & &

ELSE.

OPEN DATASET V_FILEIN

FOR INPUT

IN TEXT MODE.

IF SY-SUBRC = 0.

READ DATASET

DO.

READ DATASET V_FILEIN INTO I_ORDERS.

IF SY-SUBRC = 0.

APPEND I_ORDERS.

ELSE.

EXIT.

ENDIF.

ENDDO.

CLOSE DATASET

CLOSE DATASET V_FILEIN.

IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.

MESSAGE E002 WITH 'ERROR - CLOSING' V_FILEIN.

& & & &

ENDIF.

ELSE.

MESSAGE E002 WITH 'ERROR - COULD NOT OPEN' V_FILEIN.

& & & &

ENDIF.

SORT AND REMOVE DUPLICATES FROM I_ORDERS

SORT I_ORDERS BY VBELN POSNR.

DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM I_ORDERS.

POPULATE I_OUTPUT

LOOP AT I_ORDERS.

SHIFT I_ORDERS-POSNR LEFT DELETING LEADING SPACE.

CONCATENATE '0' I_ORDERS-POSNR INTO I_ORDERS-POSNR.

SELECT SINGLE BRGEW VOLUM

FROM VBAP

INTO (VBAP-BRGEW, VBAP-VOLUM)

WHERE VBELN = I_ORDERS-VBELN

AND POSNR = I_ORDERS-POSNR.

IF SY-SUBRC = 0.

IF VBAP-BRGEW = 0.

I_OUTPUT-CKWGT = 'X'.

ENDIF.

IF VBAP-VOLUM = 0.

I_OUTPUT-CKVOL = 'X'.

ENDIF.

I_OUTPUT-VBELN = I_ORDERS-VBELN.

I_OUTPUT-POSNR = I_ORDERS-POSNR.

I_OUTPUT-GEWEI = 'ST'.

I_OUTPUT-BRGEW = I_ORDERS-BRGEW.

I_OUTPUT-VOLUM = I_ORDERS-VOLUM.

APPEND I_OUTPUT.

CLEAR: I_OUTPUT.

ENDIF.

V_RECIN = V_RECIN + 1.

ENDLOOP.

POPULATE BAPI DATA AND RUN BAPI

CLEAR: ORDERHEADERINX, ORDERITEMIN, ORDERITEMINX,

RETURN, BAPIRETURN.

REFRESH: ORDERITEMIN, ORDERITEMINX, RETURN, BAPIRETURN.

ORDERHEADERINX-UPDATEFLAG = 'U'.

LOOP AT I_OUTPUT WHERE CKWGT = 'X' OR CKVOL = 'X'.

V_RECVBAP = V_RECVBAP + 1.

IF I_OUTPUT-VBELN <> V_VBELN AND SY-TABIX <> 1.

V_RECORDER = V_RECORDER + 1.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_SALESORDER_CHANGE'

EXPORTING

SALESDOCUMENT = V_VBELN

ORDER_HEADER_INX = ORDERHEADERINX

TABLES

RETURN = RETURN

ORDER_ITEM_IN = ORDERITEMIN

ORDER_ITEM_INX = ORDERITEMINX.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT'

EXPORTING

WAIT = 'X'

IMPORTING

RETURN = BAPIRETURN.

WRITE OUT RETURN

LOOP AT RETURN.

WRITE: / RETURN.

ENDLOOP.

WRITE: / BAPIRETURN.

SKIP.

CLEAR: ORDERITEMIN, ORDERITEMINX,

RETURN, BAPIRETURN.

REFRESH: ORDERITEMIN, ORDERITEMINX, RETURN, BAPIRETURN.

ENDIF.

ORDERITEMIN-ITM_NUMBER = I_OUTPUT-POSNR.

ORDERITEMIN-UNTOF_WGHT = I_OUTPUT-GEWEI.

IF NOT I_OUTPUT-CKWGT IS INITIAL.

ORDERITEMIN-GROSS_WGHT = I_OUTPUT-BRGEW.

ORDERITEMINX-GROSS_WGHT = 'X'.

ENDIF.

IF NOT I_OUTPUT-CKVOL IS INITIAL.

ORDERITEMIN-VOLUME = I_OUTPUT-VOLUM.

ORDERITEMINX-VOLUME = 'X'.

ENDIF.

APPEND ORDERITEMIN.

ORDERITEMINX-ITM_NUMBER = I_OUTPUT-POSNR.

ORDERITEMINX-UNTOF_WGHT = 'X'.

ORDERITEMINX-UPDATEFLAG = 'U'.

APPEND ORDERITEMINX.

V_VBELN = I_OUTPUT-VBELN.

ENDLOOP.

RUN BAPI ON LAST ORDER

IF NOT ORDERITEMIN IS INITIAL.

V_RECORDER = V_RECORDER + 1.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_SALESORDER_CHANGE'

EXPORTING

SALESDOCUMENT = V_VBELN

ORDER_HEADER_INX = ORDERHEADERINX

TABLES

RETURN = RETURN

ORDER_ITEM_IN = ORDERITEMIN

ORDER_ITEM_INX = ORDERITEMINX.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT'

EXPORTING

WAIT = 'X'

IMPORTING

RETURN = BAPIRETURN.

WRITE OUT RETURN

LOOP AT RETURN.

WRITE: / RETURN.

ENDLOOP.

WRITE: / BAPIRETURN.

SKIP.

ENDIF.

WRITE OUT RECORD COUNT FROM FILE

WRITE: / 'RECORD COUNT FROM FILE ', V_RECIN.

SKIP.

WRITE OUT RECORD COUNT FROM FILE

WRITE: / 'RECORD COUNT OF LINES TO CHANGE ', V_RECVBAP.

SKIP.

WRITE OUT RECORD COUNT FROM FILE

WRITE: / 'RECORD COUNT OF ORDERS TO CHANGE ', V_RECORDER.

SKIP.

TOP OF PAGE

TOP-OF-PAGE.

WRITE:/1(5) TEXT-H01, 6(8) SY-DATUM MM/DD/YY,

100(8) TEXT-H02, 126(8) SY-PAGNO.

WRITE:/1(5) TEXT-H03, 6(8) SY-UZEIT USING EDIT MASK '__:__:__',

20(77) TEXT-H04,

100(8) TEXT-H05, 108(25) SY-REPID.

WRITE:/1(6) TEXT-H06, 8(12) SY-UNAME,

20(4) TEXT-H07, 25(32) SY-HOST,

100(13) TEXT-H08, 121(8) SY-SYSID,

129 '/', 130(3) SY-MANDT.

ULINE.

SKIP.

Reward points if useful

Regards

Anji

Former Member · ‎05-31-2007

hi

here is the sample code which may help u.

REPORT z_sd_salesorder_create

NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING

LINE-SIZE 150

MESSAGE-ID zz.

&----

S T R U C T U R E D E C L A R A T I O N S *

&----

TYPES: BEGIN OF x_ppl,

ppl_order(18), " ppl Orderno

auart(4), " Sales Doc Type

vkorg(4), " Sales Organization

vtweg(2), " Distribution Channel

spart(2), " Division

div(3), " Division

kunnr(10), " Sold-to Party

date(10), " Doc Dt

matnr(18), " Item Matnr#

uom(3), " UOM

qty(15), " Qty

kschl(4), " Pricing condiiton type
kbetr(11), " Rate

END OF x_ppl.

TYPES: BEGIN OF x_file,

loc(30), " Location

div(3), " Division

ppl_order(18), " ppl Orderno

kunnr(10), " Sold-to Party

date(10), " Doc Dt

matnr(20), " Item Matnr#

qty(15), " Qty

uom(3), " UOM

kbetr(11), " Rate
discount(5), " Discount

END OF x_file.

TYPES: BEGIN OF x_output,

ppl_order(18), " ppl Orderno

mesg(130), " Mesg Success/Error

END OF x_output.

TYPES: BEGIN OF x_werks,

name2(30), " Location

werks TYPE werks_ext, " Plant

END OF x_werks.

TYPES: BEGIN OF x_info,

vkorg TYPE vkorg , " Sales org

vtweg TYPE vtweg, " Dist channel

werks TYPE werks_ext," Plant

spart TYPE spart, " Storage Loc

END OF x_info.

TYPES: BEGIN OF x_material,

ppl_prdid(20), " ppl Prd id

matnr TYPE matnr, " Material (SAP)

END OF x_material.

&----

I N T E R N A L T A B L E D E C L A R A T I O N S *

&----

DATA: it_file TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF x_file WITH HEADER LINE." File Data

DATA: it_data TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF x_ppl WITH HEADER LINE." ppl File

DATA: it_out TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF x_output WITH HEADER LINE. " Outcome

DATA: it_werks TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF x_werks WITH HEADER LINE. " Plant

DATA: it_info TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF x_info WITH HEADER LINE. " Othr Info

DATA: it_matnr TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF x_material WITH HEADER LINE. " Material Info

DATA: it_item TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF bapiitemin WITH HEADER LINE. "Order Itm data

DATA: it_partner TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF bapipartnr WITH HEADER LINE. "Order Partner data

&----

V A R I A B L E S D E C L A R A T I O N S *

&----

DATA : v_correct TYPE i,

v_error TYPE i,

v_total TYPE i,

v_return LIKE bapireturn1,

v_index LIKE sy-tabix.

*- Return values

DATA: it_orderh TYPE bapisdhead, "Order Hdr data

order TYPE bapivbeln-vbeln,

soldto TYPE bapisoldto,

shipto TYPE bapishipto,

return TYPE bapireturn1.

DATA: hdate TYPE sy-datum.

&----

U S E R I N P U T S S C R E E N *

&----

SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF BLOCK blk01 WITH FRAME TITLE text-t01.

PARAMETERS: p_file TYPE rlgrap-filename OBLIGATORY. " File name

SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK blk01.

&----

S E L E C T I O N S C R E E N *

&----

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_file.

PERFORM get_file.

&----

S t a r t o f S e l e c t i o n *

&----

START-OF-SELECTION.

PERFORM get_upload.

PERFORM validate_data. " Validate the data

PERFORM data_swap. " Prepare the data for processing

IF NOT it_data[] IS INITIAL.

PERFORM get_update. " Create SalesOrders

ELSE.

MESSAGE i001(zz) WITH text-001.

STOP.

ENDIF.

&----

E n d o f S e l e c t i o n *

&----

END-OF-SELECTION.

IF NOT it_data[] IS INITIAL.

PERFORM get_write.

ENDIF.

&----

*& Form get_file

&----

Get File name

----

FORM get_file .

CALL FUNCTION 'KD_GET_FILENAME_ON_F4'

EXPORTING

program_name = syst-repid

mask = '*'

CHANGING

file_name = p_file

EXCEPTIONS

mask_too_long = 1

OTHERS = 2.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.

MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno

WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.

ENDIF.

ENDFORM. " get_file

&----

*& Form get_upload

&----

to upload the file

----

FORM get_upload .

DATA l_file TYPE string.

CLEAR: it_file, it_file[].

l_file = p_file.

CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'

EXPORTING

filename = l_file

filetype = 'ASC'

has_field_separator = 'X'

TABLES

data_tab = it_file

EXCEPTIONS

file_open_error = 1

file_read_error = 2

no_batch = 3

gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4

invalid_type = 5

no_authority = 6

unknown_error = 7

bad_data_format = 8

header_not_allowed = 9

separator_not_allowed = 10

header_too_long = 11

unknown_dp_error = 12

access_denied = 13

dp_out_of_memory = 14

disk_full = 15

dp_timeout = 16

OTHERS = 17.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.

MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno

WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.

ELSEIF sy-subrc = 0.

SORT it_file BY loc ppl_order.

ENDIF.

ENDFORM. " get_upload

&----

*& Form get_update

&----

Creating mapping Data in Z table

----

FORM get_update .

DATA: l_itemno(2) TYPE n,

l_partner TYPE parvw,

l_kunnr TYPE kunnr,

l_matnr TYPE matnr,

l_mesg TYPE string,

l_kbetr TYPE p DECIMALS 2.

DATA: l_in_qty LIKE vbap-zmeng,

l_meins LIKE mara-meins,

l_qty LIKE vbap-zmeng.

CLEAR: v_correct, v_error, v_total.

SORT it_data BY ppl_order.

LOOP AT it_data.

CLEAR v_index.

v_index = sy-tabix.

*- New SalesOrder

AT NEW ppl_order.

READ TABLE it_data INDEX v_index.

CLEAR: it_orderh, it_item, it_partner,

order, soldto, shipto, return,

it_item[], it_partner[].

v_total = v_total + 1. "Increment Total SalesOrders counter

CLEAR l_itemno.

l_itemno = '10'.

*- Covert date fields into Internal format

CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_DATE_TO_INTERN_FORMAT'

EXPORTING

datum = it_data-date

dtype = 'DATS'

IMPORTING

idate = it_data-date.

*- Populate SalesOrder header data.

CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AUART_INPUT'

EXPORTING

input = it_data-auart

IMPORTING

output = it_data-auart.

it_orderh-doc_type = it_data-auart.

it_orderh-sales_org = it_data-vkorg.

it_orderh-distr_chan = it_data-vtweg.

it_orderh-division = it_data-spart.

it_orderh-purch_no = 'DEPOT'.

it_orderh-price_date = it_data-date. "Doc Dt

it_orderh-req_date_h = it_data-date. "Del.Dt

it_orderh-purch_no_s = it_data-ppl_order.

*- Partner data

CLEAR: l_partner, l_kunnr.

*- Convert Partner type into internal format

l_partner = 'SP'. "SoldTo Party

CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_PARVW_INPUT'

EXPORTING

input = l_partner

IMPORTING

output = l_partner.

*- Convert Customer into internal format

l_kunnr = it_data-kunnr.

CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT'

EXPORTING

input = l_kunnr

IMPORTING

output = l_kunnr.

it_partner-partn_role = l_partner.

it_partner-partn_numb = l_kunnr.

APPEND it_partner.

CLEAR it_partner.

ENDAT.

*- Item data

it_item-itm_number = l_itemno.

*- Convert material number into internal format

CLEAR l_matnr.

l_matnr = it_data-matnr.

CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_INPUT'

EXPORTING

input = l_matnr

IMPORTING

output = l_matnr

EXCEPTIONS

length_error = 1

OTHERS = 2.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.

MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno

WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.

ENDIF.

it_item-material = l_matnr.

*- Call FM to get new qty based on SAP UOM

CLEAR: l_meins, l_qty, l_in_qty.

l_in_qty = it_data-qty.

CALL FUNCTION 'Z_GET_QTY_FROM_UOM'

EXPORTING

matnr = it_item-material

in_meins = it_data-uom

in_qty = l_in_qty

IMPORTING

out_meins = l_meins

quantity = l_qty.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

it_data-qty = l_qty.

it_data-uom = l_meins.

ENDIF.

it_data-qty = it_data-qty * 1000.

it_item-req_qty = it_data-qty.

it_item-sales_unit = it_data-uom.

it_item-req_date = it_data-date.

*- Pricing data

it_item-cond_type = it_data-kschl. "Pricing condition
CLEAR l_kbetr.
l_kbetr = it_data-kbetr / 10. "Price (Rate)
it_item-cond_value = l_kbetr.

APPEND it_item.

CLEAR it_item.

*- Increment Item counter.

l_itemno = l_itemno + 10.

*- At end of SalesOrder

AT END OF ppl_order.

READ TABLE it_data INDEX v_index.

*- Call the BAPI for SalesOrder creation

CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_SALESORDER_CREATEFROMDAT1'

EXPORTING

order_header_in = it_orderh

IMPORTING

salesdocument = order

sold_to_party = soldto

ship_to_party = shipto

return = return

TABLES

order_items_in = it_item

order_partners = it_partner.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

COMMIT WORK.

ENDIF.

v_return = return+0(1).

IF v_return = 'E'.

v_error = v_error + 1.

CLEAR l_mesg.

l_mesg = return.

CONDENSE l_mesg.

ELSE.

v_correct = v_correct + 1.

CLEAR l_mesg.

CONCATENATE 'Salesorder'(007) order 'successfully created.'(008)

INTO l_mesg SEPARATED BY space.

CONDENSE l_mesg.

ENDIF.

*- Populate the output table

CLEAR it_out.

it_out-ppl_order = it_data-ppl_order.

it_out-mesg = l_mesg.

APPEND it_out.

CLEAR it_out.

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

ENDFORM. " get_update

&----

*& Form get_write

&----

Write the results

----

FORM get_write .

WRITE:/ 'Total Number of Records :'(002), v_total COLOR 1.

WRITE:/ 'Total Correct Records :'(003), v_correct COLOR 3.

WRITE:/ 'Total Error Records :'(004), v_error COLOR 6.

SKIP 3.

IF NOT it_out[] IS INITIAL.

WRITE:/5 'ppl Order #'(005),

28 'Message'(006).

ENDIF.

SKIP 1.

LOOP AT it_out.

WRITE:/5 it_out-ppl_order,

28 it_out-mesg.

ENDLOOP.

ENDFORM. " get_write

&----

*& Form validate_data

&----

Validate the data

----

FORM validate_data .

DATA: l_bstkde TYPE bstkd_e.

LOOP AT it_file.

SELECT bstkd_e INTO l_bstkde

UP TO 1 ROWS

FROM vbkd

WHERE bstkd_e = it_file-ppl_order.

ENDSELECT.

IF sy-subrc = 0. " This ppl Order is already been created in SAP, so delete record

DELETE it_file.

ENDIF.

ENDLOOP.

SORT it_file BY ppl_order.

ENDFORM. " validate_data

&----

*& Form data_swap

&----

Prepare the data for processing

----

FORM data_swap .

CLEAR: it_werks, it_info, it_matnr, it_data,

it_werks[], it_info[], it_matnr[], it_data[].

IF NOT it_file[] IS INITIAL.

*- Get the plant from location

SELECT name2

werks

INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE it_werks

FROM t001w FOR ALL ENTRIES IN it_file

WHERE name2 = it_file-loc.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

SORT it_werks BY name2 werks.

*- Get the Sales Org, Division and Distribution Channel

IF NOT it_werks[] IS INITIAL.

SELECT vkorg

vtweg

werks

INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE it_info

FROM tvkwz FOR ALL ENTRIES IN it_werks

WHERE werks = it_werks-werks.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

LOOP AT it_info.

it_info-spart = '99'.

MODIFY it_info INDEX sy-tabix.

ENDLOOP.

SORT it_info BY vkorg vtweg werks.

ENDIF.

*- Get material from ppl material

SELECT ppl_prdid

matnr

FROM zppl_master

INTO TABLE it_matnr FOR ALL ENTRIES IN it_file

WHERE ppl_prdid = it_file-matnr.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

SORT it_matnr BY ppl_prdid matnr.

ENDIF.

*- Update the data in it_data

LOOP AT it_file.

CLEAR it_data.

it_data-auart = 'OR'.

it_data-auart = 'OR'. " CHANGED BY Jo ON 3103005

READ TABLE it_werks WITH KEY name2 = it_file-loc BINARY SEARCH.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

READ TABLE it_info WITH KEY werks = it_werks-werks BINARY SEARCH.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

it_data-vkorg = it_info-vkorg.

it_data-vtweg = it_info-vtweg.

ENDIF.

*- Material

READ TABLE it_matnr WITH KEY ppl_prdid = it_file-matnr BINARY SEARCH.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

it_data-matnr = it_matnr-matnr.

ENDIF.

it_data-ppl_order = it_file-ppl_order.

it_data-date = it_file-date.

CONCATENATE it_file-kunnr it_file-loc+1(2) INTO it_data-kunnr.

it_data-qty = it_file-qty.

it_data-uom = it_file-uom.

it_data-kbetr = it_file-kbetr.

*- Pricing condition

it_data-kschl = 'PR00'.

CASE it_file-div.

WHEN 'BRN'.

it_data-div = '04'.

WHEN 'GEN'.

it_data-div = '03'.

WHEN 'IVF'.

it_data-div = '02'.

WHEN 'OPH'.

it_data-div = '01'.

ENDCASE.

it_data-spart = it_data-div.

APPEND it_data.

CLEAR it_data.

ENDLOOP.

ENDFORM. " data_swap

regards

ravish

<b>plz dont forget to reward points if helpful</b>