plz clarify my doubts

[Former Member]

1) what is development class and what is delivery class?

2) r there any terms like client copy and upgradation in data dictionary topic? if yes what do they mean?

3)what is the difference between check table and value table?

4)what are aggregate objects?why r they so called?

5)what is development server,test server,presentation server,application server,database server?

6)please explain customizing data/control data,master data,transactional data?what do they mean?

7)what is the difference between TYPES and LIKE statements?

8)what is the difference between SYSTEM FIELDS and SYSTEM VARIABLES?

[Former Member]

Hi sankar..

some of the ans...

2. client copy is the term used to copy client-dependent data from one client to another..eg, sapscript,table entries,etc..

3. check table s used to validate the entry for the field and also to provide input help and is implemented at field level.

value table is used to provide input help and is implemented at domain level.

4. Aggregate Functions

Variants:

1. ... MAX( [DISTINCT] fdescriptor )

2. ... MIN( [DISTINCT] fdescriptor )

3. ... AVG( [DISTINCT] fdescriptor )

4. ... SUM( [DISTINCT] fdescriptor )

5. ... COUNT( DISTINCT fdescriptor )

6. ... COUNT( * )

Effect

You can use aggregate functions in the SELECT and HAVING clauses in the SELECT and OPEN CURSOR statements, to group together data from one or more columns in a database table in the resulting set.

5. developemnt server : where u do all ur ABAP n customising developments

test server : where u test all ur ABAP n customising developments

presentation server : the GUI or the screen u c.

application server : that runs all ur abap code

database server : that stores all the data in SAP

6. Master data : data that are one time entry, eg, vendor name and address

transaction data : data that r entered during the course of business, eg, Invoice details of the vendor..

[Former Member]

hii

check table and value table

• When we define a foreign key in a table (A), if this key refers to primary key of another table (B). Table B is check table

• Fields referring to a domain may assume values contained in the corresponding fields of the value table. Field referring to the domain should have a foreign key

Thanks & Regards

Naresh

[Former Member]

Hii

Different types of servers

Three tier architecture of R/3

database server--> application server --> presentation server

Database server

Database server stores the data centrally. Basically contains database engine and associated processes. The database layers contain the database system used by all servers

Application server contains software components to run the program. It contains a SAP kernel, which can run ABAP/4 program.

The presentation server is your client through which you send your request to application server. It is also called as SAP graphical user interfaces known as SAPGUI

Thanks & regards

Naresh

[Former Member]

Hii

Aggregate objects

Views , matchcodes and lock objects are called aggregate objects since they are formed using several related objects

<b>Views:</b> A view is an imaginary table. It contains data, which is really stored in other tables. The contents for the view are dynamically generated when called from program.

Lock objects: These types of objects are used for locking the access to database records in table. This mechanism is used to enforce data integrity that is two users cannot update the same data at the same time. With lock objects you can lock table-field or whole table.

Match codes :

Tool that helps us to search data records in the system.

hope this helps

Thanks & Regards

Naresh

[Former Member]

hii

TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring.

LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly.

Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.

hope this naswers your question

Thanks & Regards

Naresh

[Former Member]

Hi sankar ,

Some of yor answers haev already been answered :

Remaining ones :

1. What is the diff. between development class and delivery class ?

ans :

Development Class:

*Its a package which has all thr repository objects ordered occording to this development class.

*The development class is important for transports between systems.

*We can combine all Workbench objects assigned to one development class in one transportation request.

Refer the link :

<b></b>

7. what is the difference between TYPES and LIKE statements?

ans : a )

<b>The TYPE Addition</b>

You use the TYPE addition in various ABAP statements for defining data types and specifying the types of interface parameters or field symbols. The TYPE addition can have various meanings depending on the syntax and context.

Referring to Known Data Types

You can use the addition

TYPE <type>

to refer to any data type <type> that is already known at this point in the program. It can be used in any of the statements listed below. The expression <obj> is either the name of the data object or the expression

LINE OF <table-type>

In this case, the TYPE addition describes the line type of a table type <table-type> that is visible at that point in the program.

ABAP Statements with TYPE References

Definition of local program types using

TYPES <t> TYPE <type>.

The new data type <t> has the same type as <type>.

Declaration of data objects using

DATA <f> TYPE <type>.

CLASS-DATA <f> TYPE <type>.

CONSTANTS <f> TYPE <type>.

STATICS <f> TYPE <type>.

PARAMETERS <f> TYPE <type>.

The data object <f> has a data type corresponding to the type <type>.

Dynamic creation of data objects using

CREATE DATA <dref> TYPE <type>.

Specification of the type of a formal parameter in a subroutine using

FORM <sub> ... USING|CHANGING <p> TYPE <type> ...

The technical attributes of the formal parameter <p> are inherited from those of the declared data type <type>. You can then only pass actual parameters that have these attributes.

Specification of the type of a formal parameter in a method using

METHODS <meth> ... IMPORTING|EXPORTING|CHANGING <p> TYPE <type> ...

The technical attributes of the formal parameter <p> are inherited from those of the declared data type <type>. You can then only pass actual parameters that have these attributes.

Specification of the type of a field symbol

FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs> TYPE <type>.

The technical attributes of the field symbol <FS> are inherited from those of the declared data type <type>. You can then only pass actual parameters that have these attributes.

<b>b )The LIKE Addition</b>

You use the LIKE addition, similarly to the TYPE addition , in various ABAP statements for defining data types and specifying the types of interface parameters or field symbols. The addition

LIKE <obj>

can be used in the same ABAP statements as the TYPE addition to refer to any data object <obj> that is already visible at that point in the program. The expression <obj> is either the name of the data object or the expression

LINE OF <table-object>

In this case, the LIKE addition describes the line type of a table object that is visible at that point in the program.

You use LIKE to make the new object or type inherit the technical attributes of an existing data object.

😎 what is the difference between SYSTEM FIELDS and SYSTEM VARIABLES?

Ans :

ABAP System Fields

The ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by the runtime environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out particular states of the system. Although they are variables, you should not assign your own values to them, since this may overwrite information that is important for the normal running of the program. However, there are some isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control navigation within details lists.

The names and data types of the system fields are contained in the ABAP Dictionary structure SYST. To address them in an ABAP program, use the form SY-<fieldname>. Within screen flow logic, you can also use the form SYST-<fieldname>.

Regards,

Kunal.

Message was edited by: Kunal Kumar

[Former Member]

hii

for system fields please refer

http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/systemfields.htm

DATA statement is used to create variables

Ex DATA: NUM TYPE I

The main difference between TYPE and LIKE parameter when defining or declaring the object is that TYPE is used to refer existing DATA TYPE (elementary or structured or user defined) while LIKE is used to declare data objects with reference to existing DATA OBJECTS.

Hope this answers ur question

Thanks & Regards

Naresh

[Former Member]

HI

GOOD

DEVELOPMENT CLASS=>

the development class assigned to the objects you wish to transport, or both. Check the workbench setup with SE06->Display. Is your system set as a productive system? If so, change requests usually are not transportable. Try creating a new development class Z000, and choose any transport layer that the system allows you to choose (if your system does not allow you to choose any transport layers, then the workbench is not set up to allow any changes to be transportable). If it allows you to choose several layers, create on new class for each layer, and a new change request for each class. Then go to SE09 and check if your requests are transportable. If they are transportable, try to release one of the development classes (release the task and the request) and check that the files are created.

DELIVERY CLASS=>

The delivery class controls the transport of table data for installation, upgrade, client copy and when transporting between customer systems. The delivery class is also used in the extended table maintenance.

There are the following development classes:

A: Application table (master and transaction data).

C: Customer table, data is only maintained by the customer.

L: Table for storing temporary data.

G: Customer table, SAP may insert new data records but may not overwrite or delete existing ones. The customer namespace must be defined in table TRESC. To define the customer namespace use report RDDKOR54. You can start it directly from the table maintenance by choosing Customer namespace definition on the Attributes tab.

E: System table with its own namespace for customer entries. The customer namespace must be defined in table TRESC. To define the customer namespace use report RDDKOR54. You can start it directly from the table maintenance by choosing Customer namespace definition on the Attributes tab.

S: System table, data changes have the status of program changes.

W: System table (e.g. table of the development environment) whose data is transported with its own transport objects (e.g. R3TR PROG, R3TR TABL, etc.).

CLIENT COPY=>

You can use the client copy to create, for example the following clients:

· new clients from the SAP reference client 000 during initial installation of an R/3 System.

· training clients

· demo clients

· test clients

· production clients

CHECK TABLE=>

Check table

For example you have Employee master table & Employee Transaction table.

When ever an employee Transacts we need to check whether that employee exists , so we can refer to the employee master table.

This is nothing but a Parent & Child relationship . Here data can be maintained at client level , no development involved.

As per DBMS what we call foregin key table, is called as check table in SAP.

VALUE TABLE=>

This is maintained at Domain Level.

When ever you create a domain , you can entered allowed values. For example you go to Domain SHKZG - Debit/credit indicator. Here only allowed values is H or S.

When ever you use this Domain, the system will forces you to enter only these values.

This is a sort of master check . To be maintained as a customization object. This mean that if you want to enter values to this table you have to create a development request & transport the same.

AGGREGATE OBJECTS=>

An object with which other object types have "is part of" relationships.

This type of "belonging" is not expressed by a particular arrangement of the object types in the Business Object Repository, but is derived from the basic data of the object type. For example, the object type "order item" is part of the aggregation type "order".

DEVELOPMENT SERVER=>

DEVELOPMENT SERVER IS A KIND OF SERVER WHERE YOU DEVELOP YOUR ALL OBJECTS.

TEST SERVER =>

TEST SERVER IS A KIND OF SERVER WHERE ALL THE OBJECTS IS USE TO TEST.

PRESENTATION SERVER =>

GO THROUGH THIS LINK

http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/downloads/SAP%20Scalability%20Doco%201%203.pdf

CUSTOMIZING SERVER=>

GO THROUGH THIS LINK

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/cd/9ad4dfdb9ef04cba985a566422569c/content.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/96/f584420e3443d4ac3efd275f1a3e53/content.htm

TYPE STATEMENT=>

Declarative Statements

These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine. The collected declarative statements in a program or routine make up its declaration part.

Examples of declarative keywords:

TYPES, DATA, TABLES

LIKE STATEMENT=>

You use the LIKE addition, similarly to the TYP E addition , in various ABAP statements for defining data types and specifying the types of interface parameters or field symbols. The addition

LIKE

LOOK FOR THIS LINK

http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/systemfields.htm

THANKS

MRUTYUN

[Former Member]

Hi,

1. (a) The <b>delivery class</b> is an attribute of a table or maintenance view. The delivery class of a table determines whether SAP or the customer is responsible for maintaining the data in the table. It also determines how the table behaves in a client copy

or upgrade. The delivery class of a maintenance view is taken into consideration when you enter view

data using extended table maintenance.

(b) A <b>Development class</b> is a group of logically related development objects. It contains all the development objects which must be developed, maintained, and transported together. The objects that make up a transaction usually belong to one development class.

Customer development classes begin with "Y" or "Z".

8. (a) <b>System fields</b> are System-defined data object. All system fields conform to the naming convention SY-<name>, where <name> denotes the field.

You can display a list of system fields in the ABAP Editor.

Examples:

SY-SUBRC - return code

SY-UNAME - user name

SY-DATUM - current date

SY-UZEIT - current time

SY-TCODE - current transaction

(b) A <b>System variable</b> returns system information and is defined according to the requirements of the system environment.

Examples:

Variable for adjusting the R/3 System to your host environment.

4. <b>Aggregate objects</b> are ABAP Dictionary objects which can be assembled from several tables.

Examples of aggregated objects include views, matchcodes and lock objects.